Samar da sabbin motocin makamashi na ci gaba da tafiya yadda ya kamata, kuma batun samar da makamashi shi ma ya zama daya daga cikin batutuwan da masana'antar ta mayar da hankali a kai.Yayin da kowa ke tafka mahawara game da cancantar yin caji da musayar baturi, shin akwai "Shirin C" don cajin sabbin motocin makamashi?
Watakila sakamakon cajin wayoyin hannu mara waya, cajin motoci mara waya ya kuma zama daya daga cikin fasahohin da injiniyoyi suka shawo kan lamarin.A cewar rahotannin kafofin watsa labaru, ba da dadewa ba, fasahar cajin mara waya ta mota ta sami ci gaba da bincike.Wata ƙungiyar bincike da ci gaba ta yi iƙirarin cewa kushin cajin mara waya na iya isar da wutar lantarki zuwa motar tare da ƙarfin fitarwa na 100kW, wanda zai iya ƙara matsayin cajin baturi da kashi 50% cikin mintuna 20.
Tabbas, fasahar caji mara waya ta mota ba sabuwar fasaha ba ce.Tare da haɓaka sabbin motocin makamashi, dakaru daban-daban sun daɗe suna binciken cajin mara waya, ciki har da BBA, Volvo da kamfanonin motoci na cikin gida daban-daban.
Gabaɗaya, fasahar cajin mara waya ta mota har yanzu tana kan matakin farko, kuma yawancin ƙananan hukumomi suma suna amfani da wannan damar don gano manyan hanyoyin sufuri na gaba.Koyaya, saboda dalilai kamar farashi, wutar lantarki, da ababen more rayuwa, fasahar caji mara waya ta mota an yi ciniki akan babban sikeli.Akwai matsaloli da yawa da har yanzu ya kamata a shawo kan su.Sabon labarin game da cajin mara waya a cikin motoci ba shi da sauƙin faɗi tukuna.
Kamar yadda muka sani, caji mara waya ba sabon abu bane a cikin masana'antar wayar hannu.Cajin waya mara waya ga motoci bai kai yadda ake cajin wayar hannu ba, amma tuni ya ja hankalin kamfanoni da dama wajen kwadayin wannan fasaha.
Gabaɗaya, akwai manyan hanyoyin caji mara waya guda huɗu: shigar da wutar lantarki, rawan filin maganadisu, haɗa filin lantarki, da igiyoyin rediyo.Daga cikin su, wayoyin hannu da motocin lantarki galibi suna amfani ne da induction electromagnetic da rawar maganan maganadisu.
Daga cikin su, caji mara waya ta shigar da wutar lantarki yana amfani da ka'idar shigar da wutar lantarki ta lantarki da maganadisu don samar da wutar lantarki.Yana da babban ƙarfin caji, amma ingantaccen tazarar caji gajeru ne kuma buƙatun wurin caji suma suna da tsauri.Idan aka kwatanta, caji mara waya ta maganadisu yana da ƙananan buƙatun wuri da tazarar caji mai tsayi, wanda zai iya tallafawa santimita da yawa zuwa mita da yawa, amma ingancin caji ya ɗan yi ƙasa da na baya.
Saboda haka, a farkon matakan binciken fasahar caji mara waya, kamfanonin mota sun fi son fasahar caji mara waya ta shigar da lantarki.Kamfanonin wakilai sun hada da BMW, Daimler da sauran kamfanonin ababen hawa.Tun daga wannan lokacin, fasahar caji mara waya ta maganadisu sannu a hankali an haɓaka ta, masu samar da tsarin kamar Qualcomm da WiTricity ke wakilta.
Tun a watan Yulin 2014, BMW da Daimler (yanzu Mercedes-Benz) sun ba da sanarwar yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa don haɓaka fasahar caji mara waya na motocin lantarki tare.A cikin 2018, BMW ya fara samar da tsarin caji mara waya kuma ya sanya shi na'urar zaɓi don ƙirar 5 Series plug-in hybrid model.Matsakaicin ikonsa na caji shine 3.2kW, ingantaccen canjin makamashi ya kai 85%, kuma ana iya cajin shi cikakke cikin sa'o'i 3.5.
A cikin 2021, Volvo za ta yi amfani da taksi mai tsabta na lantarki na XC40 don fara gwajin caji mara waya a Sweden.Volvo ya kafa wuraren gwaji na musamman a cikin biranen Gothenburg, Sweden.Motoci masu caji suna buƙatar yin fakin a kan na'urorin caji mara waya da aka saka a hanya don fara aikin caji ta atomatik.Volvo ya ce karfin cajin wayarsa na iya kaiwa 40kW, kuma yana iya tafiyar kilomita 100 cikin mintuna 30.
A fagen cajin mara waya ta motoci, ƙasata ta kasance a kan gaba a masana'antar.A cikin 2015, Cibiyar Nazarin Wutar Lantarki ta Guangxi ta Sin ta gina hanyar gwajin caji mara waya ta farko ta cikin gida.A cikin 2018, SAIC Roewe ya ƙaddamar da samfurin lantarki na farko mai tsabta tare da caji mara waya.FAW Hongqi ta ƙaddamar da Hongqi E-HS9 wanda ke tallafawa fasahar caji mara waya a cikin 2020. A cikin Maris 2023, SAIC Zhiji a hukumance ta ƙaddamar da mafita ta caji mara waya ta farko mai ƙarfi 11kW.
Kuma Tesla ma yana daya daga cikin masu bincike a fannin cajin waya.A cikin Yuni 2023, Tesla ya kashe dalar Amurka miliyan 76 don siyan Wiferion kuma ya sake masa suna Tesla Engineering Germany GmbH, yana shirin yin amfani da caji mara waya a farashi mai rahusa.A baya can, Shugaban Kamfanin Tesla Musk yana da mummunan hali game da caji mara waya kuma ya soki cajin mara waya a matsayin "ƙananan makamashi da rashin aiki".Yanzu ya kira shi makoma mai albarka.
Tabbas, yawancin kamfanonin motoci irin su Toyota, Honda, Nissan, da General Motors suma suna haɓaka fasahar cajin waya.
Duk da cewa jam'iyyu da dama sun gudanar da bincike na dogon lokaci a fannin cajin mara waya, fasahar caji mara waya ta mota har yanzu ba ta zama gaskiya ba.Babban abin da ke hana ci gabansa shine iko.Dauki Hongqi E-HS9 a matsayin misali.Fasahar caji mara waya da aka sanye da ita tana da matsakaicin ƙarfin fitarwa na 10kW, wanda ya ɗan fi ƙarfin 7kW na tari mai saurin caji.Wasu samfuran suna iya cimma ƙarfin cajin tsarin na 3.2kW kawai.A takaice dai, babu dacewa kwata-kwata tare da irin wannan ingancin caji.
Tabbas, idan an inganta ƙarfin cajin mara waya, yana iya zama wani labari.Alal misali, kamar yadda aka bayyana a farkon labarin, ƙungiyar bincike da ci gaba ta sami ƙarfin fitarwa na 100kW, wanda ke nufin cewa idan za a iya samun irin wannan wutar lantarki, za a iya cajin motar a cikin kimanin sa'a guda.Kodayake har yanzu yana da wahala a kwatanta shi da babban caji, har yanzu sabon zaɓi ne don sake cika kuzari.
Daga yanayin yanayin amfani, babbar fa'idar fasahar caji mara waya ta mota ita ce rage matakan hannu.Idan aka kwatanta da cajin waya, masu motocin suna buƙatar yin ayyuka iri-iri kamar su ajiye motoci, saukowa daga mota, ɗaukar bindiga, shigar da caji da caji da sauransu. Lokacin fuskantar tulin caji na ɓangare na uku, dole ne su cika bayanai daban-daban. , wanda tsari ne mai wahala.
Yanayin caji mara waya yana da sauƙi.Bayan direban ya faka motar, na'urar ta hango ta ta atomatik sannan ta yi cajin ta ba tare da waya ba.Bayan da motar ta cika, motar ta tafi kai tsaye, kuma mai shi baya buƙatar yin wani aiki.Dangane da kwarewar mai amfani, zai kuma ba mutane jin daɗin jin daɗi yayin amfani da motocin lantarki.
Me yasa cajin mara waya ta mota ke jawo hankali sosai daga kamfanoni da masu kaya?Daga hangen nesa na ci gaba, zuwan zamanin mara direba na iya zama lokacin babban haɓaka fasahar caji mara waya.Don motoci su zama marasa direba da gaske, suna buƙatar cajin mara waya don kawar da ƙuƙuman igiyoyin caji.
Sabili da haka, yawancin masu samar da caji suna da kyakkyawan fata game da ci gaban fasahar caji mara waya.Katafaren kamfanin Siemens na kasar Jamus ya yi hasashen cewa kasuwar caji mara waya ta motocin lantarki a Turai da Arewacin Amurka za ta kai dalar Amurka biliyan 2 nan da shekarar 2028. Don haka, tun a watan Yunin 2022, Siemens ya saka hannun jarin dalar Amurka miliyan 25 don samun wani ‘yan tsiraru a kamfanin samar da caji mara waya ta WiTricity. don haɓaka binciken fasaha da haɓaka tsarin caji mara waya.
Siemens ya yi imanin cewa cajin mara waya na motocin lantarki zai zama ruwan dare a nan gaba.Baya ga yin caji mafi dacewa, cajin mara waya shima ɗayan sharuɗɗan da ake buƙata don gane tuƙi mai cin gashin kansa.Idan da gaske muna son ƙaddamar da motoci masu tuƙi a kan babban sikeli, fasahar caji mara waya yana da makawa.Wannan muhimmin mataki ne a duniyar tuƙi mai cin gashin kai.
Tabbas, abubuwan da ake sa ran suna da girma, amma gaskiyar ita ce mummuna.A halin yanzu, hanyoyin samar da makamashi na motocin lantarki suna ƙara bambanta, kuma ana sa ran yin cajin mara waya.Koyaya, daga ra'ayi na yanzu, fasahar cajin mara waya ta motoci har yanzu tana cikin matakin gwaji kuma tana fuskantar matsaloli da yawa, kamar tsada, jinkirin caji, ƙa'idodi marasa daidaituwa, da jinkirin ci gaban kasuwanci.
Matsalar caji yadda ya kamata yana daya daga cikin cikas.Misali, mun tattauna batun inganci a cikin Hongqi E-HS9 da aka ambata.An soki ƙarancin ingancin cajin mara waya.A halin yanzu, ingancin cajin mara waya na motocin lantarki bai kai na cajin waya ba saboda asarar makamashi yayin watsawa ta waya.
Daga yanayin farashi, caji mara waya ta mota yana buƙatar ƙara ragewa.Cajin mara waya yana da manyan buƙatu don abubuwan more rayuwa.Abubuwan caji gabaɗaya an shimfiɗa su a ƙasa, waɗanda zasu haɗa da gyara ƙasa da sauran batutuwa.Kudin ginin ba makawa zai yi sama da farashin talakawan caja.Bugu da ƙari, a farkon matakin haɓaka fasahar caji mara waya, sarkar masana'antu ba ta da girma, kuma farashin sassan da ke da alaƙa zai yi yawa, har ma sau da yawa farashin cajin gidan AC na gida tare da iko iri ɗaya.
Misali, ma'aikacin motar bas na Burtaniya FirstBus yayi la'akari da yin amfani da fasahar caji mara waya a tsarin inganta wutar lantarkin jiragen sa.Koyaya, bayan dubawa, an gano cewa kowane mai samar da cajin ƙasa ya faɗi fam 70,000.Bugu da kari, kudin gina titunan caji mara waya shima yayi yawa.Misali, kudin gina titin caji mara waya mai tsawon kilomita 1.6 a Sweden ya kai kusan dalar Amurka miliyan 12.5.
Tabbas, al'amurran tsaro na iya kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin batutuwan da ke hana fasahar caji mara waya.Daga hangen tasirin tasirinsa ga jikin mutum, cajin mara waya ba abu ne mai girma ba."Dokokin wucin gadi game da Gudanar da Gidan Rediyo na Kayan Aiki na Cajin Waya (Tsarin Wutar Lantarki)" wanda Ma'aikatar Masana'antu da Fasahar Watsa Labarai ta buga ta bayyana cewa bakan na 19-21kHz da 79-90kHz ya keɓanta don motocin caji mara waya.Binciken da ya dace ya nuna cewa kawai lokacin da ƙarfin caji ya wuce 20kW kuma jikin ɗan adam yana da kusanci da tushen caji, yana iya yin tasiri a jiki.Koyaya, wannan kuma yana buƙatar duk ɓangarori su ci gaba da faɗaɗa aminci kafin masu amfani su gane shi.
Komai amfani da fasahar caji mara waya ta mota da kuma yadda yanayin amfani ya dace, akwai sauran rina a kaba kafin a yi ciniki da ita a babban sikeli.Fita daga dakin gwaje-gwaje da aiwatar da shi zuwa rayuwa ta gaske, hanyar zuwa cajin mara waya don motoci yana da tsayi kuma mai wahala.
Yayin da dukkan bangarorin ke binciko fasahar caji mara waya ga motoci, manufar "cajin mutum-mutumi" ita ma ta bayyana cikin nutsuwa.Manufofin radadin da za a warware ta hanyar cajin mara waya suna wakiltar batun sauƙin cajin mai amfani, wanda zai dace da manufar tuki maras direba a nan gaba.Amma akwai hanya fiye da ɗaya zuwa Roma.
Saboda haka, "cajin mutum-mutumi" su ma sun fara zama kari a tsarin cajin motoci masu hankali.Ba da dadewa ba, sabon tsarin gwajin wutar lantarki na yankin tsakiyar tsakiyar birnin Beijing, sabon tsarin gwajin wutar lantarki ya kaddamar da wani mutum-mutumi na cajin bas wanda zai iya cajin motocin bas masu amfani da wutar lantarki.
Bayan motar bas mai amfani da wutar lantarki ta shiga tashar caji, tsarin hangen nesa yana ɗaukar bayanan isowar motar, kuma tsarin aika bayanan baya nan da nan ya ba da aikin caji ga robot.Tare da taimakon tsarin gano hanya da tsarin tafiya, robot ɗin yana tuƙi ta atomatik zuwa tashar caji kuma ta atomatik ya kama bindigar caji ta atomatik., Yin amfani da fasahar sakawa na gani don gano wurin da tashar cajin abin hawa lantarki take da kuma yin ayyukan caji ta atomatik.
Tabbas, kamfanonin mota kuma sun fara ganin fa'idar "cajin mutum-mutumi".A bikin baje kolin motoci na Shanghai na 2023, Lotus ya fitar da wani mutum-mutumi na caji mai walƙiya.Lokacin da abin hawa ke buƙatar caji, mutum-mutumi na iya mika hannun injinsa kuma ta atomatik shigar da bindigar caji cikin ramin cajin abin hawa.Bayan caji, kuma yana iya ciro bindigar da kanta, ta kammala aikin gaba ɗaya daga fara cajin abin hawa.
Sabanin haka, cajin mutum-mutumi ba kawai yana da sauƙin cajin mara waya ba, har ma yana iya magance matsalar ƙarancin wutar lantarki ta cajin mara waya.Masu amfani kuma za su iya jin daɗin ƙarin caji ba tare da fitowa daga mota ba.Tabbas, cajin mutum-mutumin zai kuma haɗa da farashi da batutuwa masu hankali kamar matsayi da guje wa cikas.
Takaitawa: Batun sabunta makamashi na sabbin motocin makamashi ya kasance batun da dukkan bangarorin masana'antu ke ba da muhimmanci sosai.A halin yanzu, maganin da ya wuce kima da kuma maganin maye gurbin baturi shine mafita na yau da kullun.A ka'ida, waɗannan mafita guda biyu sun isa don biyan bukatun masu amfani da makamashi zuwa wani ɗan lokaci.Tabbas al'amura suna tafiya gaba.Wataƙila tare da zuwan zamanin mara direba, caji mara waya da cajin mutum-mutumi na iya haifar da sabbin damammaki.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-13-2024